Progesterone is a key female hormone that plays an important role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Some key facts about progesterone:
- Progesterone is produced mainly by the corpus luteum in the ovaries during the second half of the menstrual cycle. The corpus luteum forms after an egg is released from the ovaries.
- Progesterone levels help prepare the body for pregnancy in the following ways:
- It thickens the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. This helps support implantation of a fertilized egg.
- It helps maintain pregnancy by supporting the uterine lining. If pregnancy occurs, progesterone levels remain elevated throughout.
- It relaxes smooth muscle in the body. This helps allow the fertilized egg to pass through the fallopian tubes.
- If pregnancy does not occur during that cycle, progesterone levels drop. This signals the start of menstruation, allowing the thickened uterine lining to shed.
- Progesterone has other effects as well, like:
- Helping regulate ovulation and menstruation
- Preparing the breasts for milk production if pregnancy occurs
- Progesterone levels can be tested to help evaluate fertility issues or trouble getting pregnant. Low progesterone may indicate issues with ovulation.
In summary, progesterone is an essential reproductive hormone. It supports pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining, maintains early pregnancy by relaxing smooth muscle, and helps regulate the menstrual cycle. Checking progesterone levels can also give insight into fertility health.
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